Romania VAT Guide for Nonresident SaaS and E-commerce
A practical guide for US SaaS and e-commerce companies selling into Romania. Rates, registration thresholds, filing deadlines and e-invoicing status, pulled from the same data that powers our free tools.
EUR 0 for nonresident sellers (OSS Non-Union scheme), EUR 10,000 distance-selling threshold for EU-established sellers (OSS Union)
Filing frequency
Monthly (default) or Quarterly (turnover
Do I need to register for VAT in Romania?
If you sell B2C digital services or e-commerce goods to consumers in Romania from outside the EU, the answer is almost always yes. The EU dropped the distance-selling threshold for nonresident sellers to zero with the 2021 OSS reform: registration is required from the first sale.
B2C digital services (SaaS, downloads, streaming): register under the EU OSS Non-Union scheme. One registration covers sales to all 27 member states.
B2C goods (e-commerce): use IOSS (Import One-Stop Shop) for consignments under EUR 150, or register locally for above-threshold imports and stock held in Romania.
B2B services to a VAT-registered buyer: reverse charge under Article 196 of the EU VAT Directive. The buyer self-accounts; you invoice with no VAT but must capture and verify their VAT number.
EU-established sellers: use the OSS Union scheme through your home member state. EUR 10,000 distance-selling threshold across all of the EU.
How to register
For B2C digital services, the simplest path is the EU OSS Non-Union scheme. You pick one EU member state as your point of registration (most US sellers pick Ireland for English-language ROS access). One registration covers all 27 EU member states, including Romania.
Where: via your chosen member state of identification's OSS portal (Irish Revenue ROS, German BZStOnline, French impots.gouv.fr, etc.). For local registration in Romania: Agenția Națională de Administrare Fiscală (ANAF).
What you'll need: US tax ID (EIN), proof of US tax residency, list of EU member states you sell into, bank account details for refunds.
Typical timeline: 2 to 6 weeks for OSS Non-Union approval. Local Romania VAT registration runs longer (4 to 12 weeks) and is only needed if you hold stock or have a fixed establishment there.
Cost: the registration itself is free. Most sellers use a fiscal representative for non-OSS local registrations.
Filing and deadlines
If you register through OSS Non-Union, you file one quarterly return covering all EU member states. Local Romania returns follow Romania's domestic rules, summarised below.
OSS Non-Union return: quarterly, due by the end of the month after each quarter (30 April, 31 July, 31 October, 31 January).
Local Romania filing frequency: Monthly (default) or Quarterly (turnover
Return due: 25th of following month.
Payment due: Same as return.
SAF-T (D406) mandatory monthly for large and medium taxable persons. Form 394 (domestic transactions detail) monthly. E-invoicing via RO e-Factura mandatory for B2B from July 2024. EC Sales List monthly (VIES-D390). Intrastat threshold RON 1M (arrivals and dispatches).
E-invoicing status in Romania
Status
Mandatory
Format
RO e-Factura XML via ANAF
Model
Pre-clearance
Scope
B2G (live) + B2B (live) + B2C (from 2025-01-01)
Go-live
B2G since 2022-07-01; B2B mandatory 2024-07-01; B2C from 2025-01-01
Invoices must be transmitted to ANAF within 5 days of issuance; RO e-Transport also mandatory for goods movements.
Common mistakes US SaaS makes in Romania
Treating B2B and B2C the same. If your buyer has a valid VAT number, the reverse charge applies and you must invoice with no VAT. If they don't, you owe destination-country VAT in Romania.
Trusting customer-supplied VAT numbers without checking VIES. If VIES doesn't return a valid result, you cannot apply the reverse charge. The buyer becomes a B2C customer for tax purposes and you owe VAT.
Confusing Stripe Tax with a VAT registration. Stripe (or Paddle, or Anrok) collects VAT on your behalf. You still have to register, file returns and remit. The merchant of record stays you unless you explicitly use a reseller model.
Missing the two-piece evidence rule. EU rules require two non-contradictory pieces of customer location evidence (billing address, IP, payment country, etc.) for every B2C digital services sale into Romania. Auditors ask for this.
Filing OSS but ignoring local quirks. Romania may still require local reporting (Intrastat, EC Sales List, e-invoicing) on top of the OSS return for activities outside OSS scope, like local stock or B2B supplies of goods.
Not sure if you've crossed the Romania threshold?
Run a free exposure check across all 27 EU member states. Upload a CSV or sync Stripe; we'll show every country where you're already over the line.
The standard VAT rate in Romania is 21%. Reduced rates apply at 11%, 0%.
Do US SaaS companies need to register for Romania VAT?
Yes. Since the EU OSS reform in 2021, the registration threshold for nonresident sellers of B2C digital services is zero. A single OSS Non-Union registration covers all 27 EU member states, including Romania.
What is the VAT registration threshold for nonresident sellers in Romania?
There is no threshold for nonresident sellers of B2C digital services into Romania. Registration is required from the first sale. EU-established sellers benefit from a EUR 10,000 distance-selling threshold across the EU.
How often do I file VAT returns for Romania sales?
Under OSS Non-Union, you file one quarterly return covering all EU member states. If you register locally in Romania instead, the local filing frequency is: Monthly (default) or Quarterly (turnover
Is e-invoicing mandatory in Romania?
E-invoicing status in Romania: Mandatory. Format: RO e-Factura XML via ANAF.
Can I use the EU One Stop Shop (OSS) to remit Romania VAT?
Yes. Non-EU sellers of B2C digital services use the OSS Non-Union scheme, registering through one EU member state of identification. The OSS return covers VAT due in Romania along with the other 26 member states.